Liquid Helium
Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.
Verified Primary Sources
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- → ARPA-E ALPHA Fusion Retrospective 2019 (p. 1) — 2019 — Advanced Research Projects Agency
External Primary Sources
Related Terms
Related Entities in Network Graph
Timeline Mentions (2)
1990
MARAUDER program begins — AFRL fires compact toroid plasmoids as weapons
Shiva Star facility. 100 billion g acceleration. Explicitly NOT fusion. Same facility as FRCHX. The critical link.
1993
MARAUDER (August 1993): USAF compact toroid weapon, 100 billion g acceleration, Shiva Star, went dark mid-1990s
USAF Phillips Lab compact toroid weapon. 100 billion g acceleration. 9.5 MJ Shiva Star. 'Not a fusion program' — weapons. Physics identical to FRC. Went dark mid-1990s. Lineage: SHIVA I → MARAUDER → F
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Liquid Helium? ▾
Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.
How does Liquid Helium relate to other concepts? ▾
Liquid Helium is closely related to Cryogenic Logistics. These relationships are documented in the research glossary and cross-referenced with primary source documents.
When did Liquid Helium appear in the research timeline? ▾
Liquid Helium is referenced in 2 timeline events, including "MARAUDER program begins — AFRL fires compact toroid plasmoids as weapons" (1990). The timeline provides chronological context for the development and application of this concept.
Which entities are associated with Liquid Helium? ▾
1 entity is associated with Liquid Helium in the network graph, including American Superconductor. Explore the network graph for full relationship mapping.